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Description

In order to prevent unnecessary project ownership assignments to users/service-accounts and further misuses of projects and resources, all roles/Owner assignments should be monitored.

Members (users/Service-Accounts) with a role assignment to primitive role roles/Owner are project owners.

The project owner has all the privileges on the project the role belongs to. These are summarized below:

• All viewer permissions on all GCP Services within the project
• Permissions for actions that modify the state of all GCP services within the project
• Manage roles and permissions for a project and all resources within the project
• Set up billing for a project

Granting the owner role to a member (user/Service-Account) will allow that member to modify the Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy. Therefore, grant the owner role only if the member has a legitimate purpose to manage the IAM policy. This is because the project IAM policy contains sensitive access control data. Having a minimal set of users allowed to manage IAM policy will simplify any auditing that may be necessary.

Rationale​

Project ownership has the highest level of privileges on a project. To avoid misuse of project resources, the project ownership assignment/change actions mentioned above should be monitored and alerted to concerned recipients.

• Sending project ownership invites
• Acceptance/Rejection of project ownership invite by user
• Adding `role\Owner` to a user/service-account
• Removing a user/Service account from `role\Owner`

Impact​

Enabling of logging may result in your project being charged for the additional logs usage.

Audit​

From Google Cloud Console​

Ensure that the prescribed log metric is present:

  1. Go to Logging/Log-based Metrics by visiting https://console.cloud.google.com/logs/metrics.

  2. In the User-defined Metrics section, ensure that at least one metric <Log_Metric_Name> is present with filter text:

     (protoPayload.serviceName="cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com") 
     AND (ProjectOwnership OR projectOwnerInvitee) 
     OR (protoPayload.serviceData.policyDelta.bindingDeltas.action="REMOVE" 
     AND protoPayload.serviceData.policyDelta.bindingDeltas.role="roles/owner") 
     OR (protoPayload.serviceData.policyDelta.bindingDeltas.action="ADD" 
     AND protoPayload.serviceData.policyDelta.bindingDeltas.role="roles/owner")

Ensure that the prescribed Alerting Policy is present:

  1. Go to Alerting by visiting https://console.cloud.google.com/monitoring/alerting.
  2. Under the Policies section, ensure that at least one alert policy exists for the log metric above. Clicking on the policy should show that it is configured with a condition. For example, Violates when: Any logging.googleapis.com/user/<Log Metric Name> stream is above a threshold of zero(0) for greater than zero(0) seconds means that the alert will trigger for any new owner change. Verify that the chosen alerting thresholds make sense for your organization.
  3. Ensure that the appropriate notifications channels have been set up.

From Google Cloud CLI​

Ensure that the prescribed log metric is present:

  1. List the log metrics:

     gcloud logging metrics list --format json

  2. Ensure that the output contains at least one metric with filter set to:

     (protoPayload.serviceName="cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com") 
     AND (ProjectOwnership OR projectOwnerInvitee) 
     OR (protoPayload.serviceData.policyDelta.bindingDeltas.action="REMOVE" 
     AND protoPayload.serviceData.policyDelta.bindingDeltas.role="roles/owner") 
     OR (protoPayload.serviceData.policyDelta.bindingDeltas.action="ADD" 
     AND protoPayload.serviceData.policyDelta.bindingDeltas.role="roles/owner")

  3. Note the value of the property metricDescriptor.type for the identified metric, in the format logging.googleapis.com/user/<Log Metric Name>.

Ensure that the prescribed alerting policy is present:

  1. List the alerting policies:

     gcloud alpha monitoring policies list --format json

  2. Ensure that the output contains an least one alert policy where:

    • conditions.conditionThreshold.filter is set to metric.type=\"logging.googleapis.com/user/<Log Metric Name>\"

    • AND enabled is set to true

References​

  1. https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/logs-based-metrics/
  2. https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/custom-metrics/
  3. https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/alerts/
  4. https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/reference/tools/gcloud-logging

Additional Information​

  1. Project ownership assignments for a user cannot be done using the gcloud utility as assigning project ownership to a user requires sending, and the user accepting, an invitation.
  2. Project Ownership assignment to a service account does not send any invites. SetIAMPolicy to role/owneris directly performed on service accounts.