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Description

NOTE: This is a legacy recommendation. Managed Disks are encrypted by default and recommended for all new VM implementations.

VHD (Virtual Hard Disks) are stored in blob storage and are the old-style disks that were attached to Virtual Machines. The blob VHD was then leased to the VM. By default, storage accounts are not encrypted, and Microsoft Defender will then recommend that the OS disks should be encrypted. Storage accounts can be encrypted as a whole using PMK or CMK. This should be turned on for storage accounts containing VHDs.

Rationale​

While Managed Disks are recommended and encrypted by default, legacy VHDs may exist for a variety of reasons and may need to remain in VHD format. VHDs are not encrypted by default, so this recommendation addresses the security of these disks. In these niche cases, VHDs should be encrypted using the procedures in this recommendation to protect the data content.

If a virtual machine is using a VHD and can be converted to a managed disk, instructions for this procedure can be found in the resources section of this recommendation under the title "Convert VHD to Managed Disk."

Impact​

Impact depends on how encryption is implemented. If provider-managed keys (PMK) are used, the impact is relatively low, but processes need to be put in place to regularly rotate the keys. If Customer-managed keys (CMK) are used, a key management process must be implemented to store and rotate keys. The impact is medium to high depending on maturity with key management.

Audit​

From Azure CLI​

For each virtual machine identify if the VM is using a legacy VHD by reviewing the VHD parameter in the output of the following command. The VHD parameter will contain the Storage Account name used for the VHD:

az vm show --name {{vm-name}} --resource-group {{resource-group-name}}

Next, identify if the storage account from the VHD parameter is encrypted by reviewing the encryption --> services --> blob --> enabled within the output of the following command and make sure its value is True:

az storage account show --name {{storage-account-name}} --resource-group {{resource-group-name}}

From PowerShell​

Determine whether the VM is using a VHD for the OS Disk and any Data disks:

$virtualMachine = Get-AzVM --Name {{vm-name}} --ResourceGroup {{resource-group-name}} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty StorageProfile $virtualMachine.OsDisk $virtualMachine.DataDisks

Next, use the value from VHD to see if the storage blob holding the VHD is encrypted:

$storageAccount = Get-AzStorageAccount -Name {{storage-account-name-from-vhd-setting}} -ResourceGroupName {{resource-group-name}} $storageAccount.Encryption.Services.Blob

From Azure Policy​

If referencing a digital copy of this Benchmark, clicking a Policy ID will open a link to the associated Policy definition in Azure.

Default Value​

The default value for encryption is NO Encryption.

References​

  1. CLI: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/disk-encryption-cli-quickstart
  2. PowerShell: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/disk-encryption-powershell-quickstart
  3. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/mcsb-data-protection#dp-4-enable-data-at-rest-encryption-by-default
  4. Convert VHD to Managed Disk: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/scripts/virtual-machines-powershell-sample-create-managed-disk-from-vhd